{"id":11468,"date":"2025-09-14T14:01:36","date_gmt":"2025-09-14T12:01:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/?p=11468"},"modified":"2025-09-14T14:01:44","modified_gmt":"2025-09-14T12:01:44","slug":"le-jeu-du-cadeau-mystere-de-noel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/2025\/09\/14\/le-jeu-du-cadeau-mystere-de-noel\/","title":{"rendered":"Le jeu du cadeau myst\u00e8re de No\u00ebl"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le jeu du cadeau myst\u00e8re de No\u00ebl? K\u00e9zako ? \u00c0 en croire les publicit\u00e9s \u00e0 la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision (que je ne regarde presque jamais), c&rsquo;est bient\u00f4t No\u00ebl (ben oui! faut bien plumer le pigeons d\u00e8s qu&rsquo;on le peut&#8230; au cas o\u00f9 ils n&rsquo;auraient plus d&rsquo;argent en D\u00e9cembre!).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il y a quelques ann\u00e9es, ma ni\u00e8ce, qui a toujours des id\u00e9es \u00e0 la con, mais que j&rsquo;aime toujours autant, a eu la magnifique id\u00e9e de lancer ce jeu qui consiste \u00e0 ne faire qu&rsquo;un cadeau \u00e0 une personne choisie au hasard. Bien entendu, il faut que ce soit un secret: personne n&rsquo;a le droit de dire \u00e0 qui il ou elle a fait un cadeau&#8230; m\u00eame si dans la pratique, tout le monde devine!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/cadeau-mystere-noel.webp\" data-fancybox=\"gallery\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"227\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/cadeau-mystere-noel-300x227.webp\" alt=\"cadeau myst\u00e8re no\u00ebl\" class=\"wp-image-11469\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/cadeau-mystere-noel-300x227.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/cadeau-mystere-noel-1024x775.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/cadeau-mystere-noel-768x581.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/cadeau-mystere-noel-1536x1162.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/cadeau-mystere-noel-2048x1550.webp 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La premi\u00e8re ann\u00e9e, elle a fait le tirage au sort \u00e0 la main&#8230; Pfff! Elle croyait que l&rsquo;on vivait encore au Moyen-\u00c2ge ou quoi ? Je lui ai donc propos\u00e9 de m&rsquo;occuper de tout \u00e7a en faisant un petit programme Python.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Au menu sur cette page...<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/2025\/09\/14\/le-jeu-du-cadeau-mystere-de-noel\/#Cadeau_mystere_de_Noel_le_principe\" >Cadeau myst\u00e8re de No\u00ebl: le principe<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/2025\/09\/14\/le-jeu-du-cadeau-mystere-de-noel\/#Cadeau_mystere_de_Noel_le_retour\" >Cadeau myst\u00e8re de No\u00ebl: le retour<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cadeau_mystere_de_Noel_le_principe\"><\/span>Cadeau myst\u00e8re de No\u00ebl: le principe<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C&rsquo;est pas sorcier: on a une liste de personnes et il faut cr\u00e9er un dictionnaire dont les cl\u00e9s sont ces personnes, et les valeurs doivent \u00eatre les autres personnes. la contrainte est ici qu&rsquo;une valeur ne peut pas \u00eatre la cl\u00e9 et que chaque valeur est unique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bon, c&rsquo;est pas trop difficile! Voici une fonction qui est pas trop mal:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"python\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">from random import choice\nL = list('ABCDEFGH')\n\ndef switch(L):\n    D = {}\n    for i in L:\n        T = [ j for j in L if j not in D.values() and j != i ]\n        D[i] = choice(T)\n        \n    return D<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour simplifier, j&rsquo;ai nomm\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0A\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0B\u00a0\u00bb, &#8230;, \u00ab\u00a0H\u00a0\u00bb les personnes. Mais bien s\u00fbr, vous pouvez remplacer la ligne 2 par ce que vous voulez:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"python\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"false\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">L = [ 'Cun\u00e9gonde', 'Tartuffe', 'Jean-K\u00e9vin', 'Mimosa' ]<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le principe de la fonction est le suivant: T est une liste compos\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e9ments \u00ab\u00a0j\u00a0\u00bb qui sont dans L mais qui ne sont pas encore dans le dictionnaire D (qui est initialement vide et qui se remplit au fur et \u00e0 mesure que l&rsquo;on parcourt la liste L) de sorte que les valeurs ne soient pas \u00e9gales \u00e0 leur cl\u00e9 (\u00e7a, c&rsquo;est la ligne 7).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour la premi\u00e8re ann\u00e9e, \u00e7a marchait.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cadeau_mystere_de_Noel_le_retour\"><\/span>Cadeau myst\u00e8re de No\u00ebl: le retour<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour le No\u00ebl suivant, il fallait s&rsquo;assurer que les valeurs soient m\u00e9lang\u00e9es de sorte \u00e0 ce que chaque personne ait un destinataire diff\u00e9rent de l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente. En effet, il serait fort regrettable que Mimosa ait \u00e0 offrit \u00e0 Jean-K\u00e9vin un cadeau deux ann\u00e9es cons\u00e9cutives&#8230; Surtout que Mimosa ne peut pas voir en peinture ce Jean-K\u00e9k\u00e9, qui ne peut pas s&#8217;emp\u00eacher de faire des blagues lourdingues \u00e0 chaque fois qu&rsquo;ils se voient! (bon, l\u00e0, c&rsquo;est pour l&rsquo;humour car j&rsquo;ai la chance d&rsquo;avoir autour de moi des personnes qui s&rsquo;adorent)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On va donc r\u00e9\u00e9crire la fonction:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"python\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">from random import shuffle\n\ndef reswitch(D):\n    keys = list(D.keys())\n    values = list(D.values())\n\n    while True:\n        shuffle(values)\n        # V\u00e9rifie que :\n        # 1. Aucune valeur n'est \u00e9gale \u00e0 sa cl\u00e9\n        # 2. Aucune valeur n'est \u00e9gale \u00e0 la valeur originale de sa cl\u00e9\n        if all(v != k and v != D[k] for k, v in zip(keys, values)):\n            break\n\n    new_D = {k: v for k, v in zip(keys, values)}\n    return new_D<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Et voil\u00e0! Le tour est jou\u00e9!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C&rsquo;est tout pour moi&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le jeu du cadeau myst\u00e8re de No\u00ebl? K\u00e9zako ? \u00c0 en croire les publicit\u00e9s \u00e0 la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision (que je ne regarde presque jamais), c&rsquo;est bient\u00f4t No\u00ebl (ben oui! faut bien plumer le pigeons d\u00e8s qu&rsquo;on le peut&#8230; au cas o\u00f9 ils n&rsquo;auraient plus d&rsquo;argent en D\u00e9cembre!). Il y a quelques [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11470,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11468","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Le jeu du cadeau myst\u00e8re de No\u00ebl - Mathweb.fr<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le jeu du cadeau myst\u00e8re de No\u00ebl, ce jeu compl\u00e8tement con, je l&#039;ai impl\u00e9ment\u00e9 en Python pour me faciliter la vie chaque ann\u00e9e.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/2025\/09\/14\/le-jeu-du-cadeau-mystere-de-noel\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le jeu du cadeau myst\u00e8re de No\u00ebl - 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