car<\/em>act\u00e8res\u00a0\u00bb) :<\/p>\n\n\n\ncar = {\n \"\u00e0\" : \"a\",\n \"\u00e4\" : \"a\",\n \"\u00e2\" : \"a\",\n \"\u00e7\" : \"c\",\n \"\u00e9\" : \"e\",\n \"\u00e8\" : \"e\",\n \"\u00eb\" : \"e\",\n \"\u00ef\" : \"i\",\n \"\u00f4\" : \"o\",\n \"\u00f9\" : \"u\",\n \"\u00fc\" : \"u\",\n \"\u00fb\" : \"u\",\n \" \" : \"\",\n \"-\" : \"\",\n \",\" : \"\",\n \"'\" : \"\",\n \"?\" : \"\",\n \"!\" : \"\",\n \".\" : \"\"\n }<\/pre>\n\n\n\nLes cl\u00e9s<\/em> de ce dictionnaire sont les caract\u00e8res \u00e0 remplacer et leur valeur<\/em> sont les caract\u00e8res \u00e0 substituer. Par exemple, l’espace est remplac\u00e9 par un vide (comme tous les caract\u00e8res de ponctuation). <\/p>\n\n\n\nIl ne reste plus qu’\u00e0 \u00e9crire une fonction qui se charge de tout mettre en minuscules puis d’effectuer les substitutions :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
def moulinette(a):\n a = a.lower()\n for cle,valeur in car.items():\n a = a.replace(cle,valeur)\n return a<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<\/span>On lance le tout<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\na = moulinette(input(\"Entrez une phrase : \"))\n\nif is_palindrome(a) == True:\n print(\"C'est un palindrome.\")\nelse:\n print(\"Ce n'est pas un palindrome.\")<\/pre>\n\n\n\nIci, je passe tout de suite \u00e0 la moulinette ce que je rentre au clavier, puis je teste si c’est un palindrome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Le programme complet<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n# Reconna\u00eetre si une cha\u00eene de caract\u00e8res est palindrome\n\ndef is_palindrome(a):\n for i in range(len(a)\/\/2):\n if a[i] != a[-i-1]:\n return False\n return True\n\n# Dictionnaire associatif des caract\u00e8res accentu\u00e9es en langue francophone\n\ncar = {\n \"\u00e0\" : \"a\",\n \"\u00e4\" : \"a\",\n \"\u00e2\" : \"a\",\n \"\u00e7\" : \"c\",\n \"\u00e9\" : \"e\",\n \"\u00e8\" : \"e\",\n \"\u00eb\" : \"e\",\n \"\u00ef\" : \"i\",\n \"\u00f4\" : \"o\",\n \"\u00f9\" : \"u\",\n \"\u00fc\" : \"u\",\n \"\u00fb\" : \"u\",\n \" \" : \"\",\n \"-\" : \"\",\n \",\" : \"\",\n \"'\" : \"\",\n \"?\" : \"\",\n \"!\" : \"\",\n \".\" : \"\"\n }\n\n# Remplacer des caract\u00e8res par d'autres\n\ndef moulinette(a):\n a = a.lower()\n for cle,valeur in car.items():\n a = a.replace(cle,valeur)\n return a\n\n# MAIN\n\na = moulinette(input(\"Entrez une phrase : \"))\n\nif is_palindrome(a) == True:\n print(\"C'est un palindrome.\")\nelse:\n print(\"Ce n'est pas un palindrome.\")<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<\/span>La version \u00ab\u00a0class\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nUne autre mani\u00e8re de coder ceci est de passer par une classe. Bon, ici, ce n’est pas vraiment utile (pour ce genre d’exercice…) mais cela me donne l’occasion d’en parler…<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L’id\u00e9e est donc ici de cr\u00e9er une classe palindrome<\/em> qui peut retourner:<\/p>\n\n\n\n- soit la cha\u00eene de caract\u00e8res une fois pass\u00e9e \u00e0 la moulinette;<\/li>
- soit la r\u00e9ponse (\u00e0 savoir si c’est un palindrome ou non).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Voyons de suite le code complet:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
car = {\n \"\u00e0\" : \"a\",\n \"\u00e4\" : \"a\",\n \"\u00e2\" : \"a\",\n \"\u00e7\" : \"c\",\n \"\u00e9\" : \"e\",\n \"\u00e8\" : \"e\",\n \"\u00eb\" : \"e\",\n \"\u00ef\" : \"i\",\n \"\u00f4\" : \"o\",\n \"\u00f9\" : \"u\",\n \"\u00fc\" : \"u\",\n \"\u00fb\" : \"u\",\n \" \" : \"\",\n \"-\" : \"\",\n \",\" : \"\",\n \"'\" : \"\",\n \"?\" : \"\",\n \"!\" : \"\",\n \".\" : \"\"\n }\n\n\nclass palindrome:\n def __init__(self,chain):\n self.chain = chain\n\n def moulinette(self):\n a = self.chain.lower()\n for cle,valeur in car.items():\n a = a.replace(cle,valeur)\n return str(a)\n\n def is_it(self):\n pal = True\n a = palindrome(self.chain).moulinette()\n\n for i in range(len(a)\/\/2):\n if a[i] != a[-i-1]:\n pal = False\n break\n\n if pal == True:\n print(\"C'est un palindrome !\")\n else:\n print(\"Ce n'est pas un palindrome...\")\n\npalindrome(input(\"Entrez une cha\u00eene de caract\u00e8res : \")).is_it()<\/pre>\n\n\n\n- La premi\u00e8re partie de la classe permet de faire en sorte que la classe palindrome<\/em> admette un argument;<\/li>
- ensuite, on cr\u00e9\u00e9 des m\u00e9thodes<\/em> li\u00e9es \u00e0 la classe : moulinette<\/em> et is_it<\/em>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Une m\u00e9thode plus rapide pour reconna\u00eetre un palindrome en Python<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nCette m\u00e9thode est int\u00e9ressante car tr\u00e8s courte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Il suffit en effet d’utiliser la librairie unidecode<\/em> (pour transformer les caract\u00e8res accentu\u00e9s en leur \u00e9quivalents sans accent), la m\u00e9thode [::-1] (appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 une cha\u00eene de caract\u00e8res) pour la renverser et la m\u00e9thode lower().<\/p>\n\n\n\nCela donne alors:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
from unidecode import unidecode\n\nphrase = input('Entrez une phrase, un mot ou un nombre : ')\nsymb = [ \"'\" , \":\" , \";\" , \",\" , \"-\" , \"?\" , \"!\" , \" \" , \".\" ]\nfor i in phrase:\n if i in symb:\n phrase = phrase.replace(i,\"\")\n\nif unidecode(phrase.lower()) == unidecode(phrase[::-1].lower()):\n print(\"C'est un palindrome !\")\nelse:\n print(\"Ce n'est pas un palindrome...\")<\/pre>\n\n\n\nAvouez que c’est bien plus rapide !<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ici, apr\u00e8s avoir saisi la phrase (ou le mot), on commence par exclure les symboles qui sont dans la liste symb<\/em> (lignes 4 \u00e0 7), puis on compare la phrase ainsi obtenue (en minuscules et sans accent) \u00e0 son inverse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>En une ligne…<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nIl est aussi possible de faire bien plus rapide \u00e0 l’aide d’une fonction lambda (par exemple):<\/p>\n\n\n\n
is_palindrome = lambda n: str(n) == str(n)[::-1] if isinstance(n,int) else n == n[::-1] if isinstance(n,str) else False<\/pre>\n\n\n\n>>> is_palindrome(12345)\nFalse\n>>> is_palindrome(1234554321)\nTrue\n>>> is_palindrome('abccba')\nTrue<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u00c7a, c’est vraiment la classe… \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bien s\u00fbr, avec cette version, il faut faire attention aux caract\u00e8res accentu\u00e9s. Si on ajoute \u00e0 cela les majuscules, on n’est pas sortir de l’affaire! Allez, on y va, mais la promesse d’une ligne n’est plus tenue car on fait tout de m\u00eame appel \u00e0 la libraire unidecode<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\nfrom unidecode import unidecode\n\nis_palindrome = lambda n: str(n) == str(n)[::-1] if isinstance(n,int) else unidecode(n).replace(' ','').lower() == unidecode(n)[::-1].replace(' ','').lower() if isinstance(n,str) else False<\/pre>\n\n\n\n>>> is_palindrome('No\u00ebl a trop par rapport \u00e0 L\u00e9on')\nTrue<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nIl ne reste plus que les autres sigles (signes de ponctuation) \u00e0 \u00e9liminer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
from unidecode import unidecode\n\nepure = lambda c: ''.join( [ i for i in c if i not in [ \"'\" , \":\" , \";\" , \",\" , \"-\" , \"?\" , \"!\" , \" \" , \".\" ] ] )\n\nis_palindrome = lambda n: str(n) == str(n)[::-1] if isinstance(n,int) else epure(unidecode(n)).replace(' ','').lower() == epure(unidecode(n))[::-1].replace(' ','').lower() if isinstance(n,str) else False<\/pre>\n\n\n\n>>> is_palindrome('No\u00ebl a trop par rapport \u00e0 L\u00e9on.')\nTrue<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u00c7a fait le job! Cela dit, c’est assez peu lisible hein ?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Palindrome et Python font bon m\u00e9nage. Dans cet article, nous allons manipuler les cha\u00eenes de caract\u00e8res ainsi que les dictionnaires en Python. Nous allons voir plusieurs m\u00e9thodes pour reconna\u00eetre une cha\u00eene palindrome. Cela nous donnera l’occasion de manipuler les classes, les dictionnaires ainsi que certaines m\u00e9thodes Python concernant les cha\u00eenes […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3734,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,5],"tags":[130,132,129,131,128,101],"class_list":["post-1415","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-informatique","category-python","tag-chaine-de-caracteres","tag-classe","tag-dictionnaire","tag-minuscules","tag-palindrome","tag-python"],"yoast_head":"\n
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