{"id":688,"date":"2018-09-13T15:29:41","date_gmt":"2018-09-13T13:29:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/?p=688"},"modified":"2021-10-26T17:12:02","modified_gmt":"2021-10-26T15:12:02","slug":"les-problemes-de-sam-loyd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/2018\/09\/13\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\/","title":{"rendered":"Les probl\u00e8mes de Sam Loyd"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sam Loyd (1841 &#8211; 1911) est ce que je pourrais appeler un \\\u00a0\u00bbr\u00e9cr\u00e9ateur de probl\u00e8mes math\u00e9matiques\u00a0\u00bb : il a cr\u00e9\u00e9 des probl\u00e8mes math\u00e9matiques se voulant r\u00e9cr\u00e9atifs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vous connaissez le jeu du taquin ? Et bien, c&rsquo;est Sam Loyd qui popularisa ce jeu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"244\" height=\"245\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/jeu-du-taquin-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-691\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/jeu-du-taquin-1.png 244w, https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/jeu-du-taquin-1-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/jeu-du-taquin-1-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 244px) 100vw, 244px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En voici quelques uns que je trouve int\u00e9ressants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Au menu sur cette page...<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/2018\/09\/13\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\/#Le_jeu_de_massacre\" >Le jeu de massacre<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/2018\/09\/13\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\/#Lagent_mathematicien\" >L&rsquo;agent math\u00e9maticien<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/2018\/09\/13\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\/#Quel_est_lage_de_Pocahontas\" >Quel est l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de Pocahontas ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/2018\/09\/13\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\/#Les_trois_mendiants\" >Les trois mendiants<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/2018\/09\/13\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\/#Quel_est_lage_de_ce_garcon\" >Quel est l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de ce gar\u00e7on ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/2018\/09\/13\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\/#Le_poids_du_bebe\" >Le poids du b\u00e9b\u00e9<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/2018\/09\/13\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\/#Le_probleme_du_nenuphar\" >Le probl\u00e8me du n\u00e9nuphar<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/2018\/09\/13\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\/#Le_probleme_de_letameur\" >Le probl\u00e8me de l&rsquo;\u00e9tameur<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/2018\/09\/13\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\/#Le_probleme_du_marche\" >Le probl\u00e8me du march\u00e9<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/2018\/09\/13\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\/#Le_puzzle_du_lac\" >Le puzzle du lac<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/2018\/09\/13\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\/#Comptez_les_voix\" >Comptez les voix<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/2018\/09\/13\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\/#Quel_est_lage_de_Fido\" >Quel est l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de Fido ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/2018\/09\/13\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\/#Le_probleme_du_messager\" >Le probl\u00e8me du messager<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/2018\/09\/13\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\/#Le_prix_des_oeufs\" >Le prix des \u0153ufs<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/2018\/09\/13\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\/#Les_deux_dindes\" >Les deux dindes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/2018\/09\/13\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\/#Combien_y_a-t-il_de_triangles_sur_le_sceau\" >Combien y a-t-il de triangles sur le sceau ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/2018\/09\/13\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\/#Des_timbres_pour_un_franc\" >Des timbres pour un franc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/2018\/09\/13\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\/#Le_poids_dune_brique\" >Le poids d&rsquo;une brique<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/2018\/09\/13\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\/#Probleme_decoliers\" >Probl\u00e8me d&rsquo;\u00e9coliers<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Le_jeu_de_massacre\"><\/span>Le jeu de massacre<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/jeu-massacre.png\" data-fancybox=\"gallery\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/jeu-massacre-300x300.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-704\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/jeu-massacre-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/jeu-massacre-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/jeu-massacre-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/jeu-massacre.png 550w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Comment marquer 50 points ?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nous avons les choix suivants pour marquer des points :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">3 &#8211; 6 &#8211; 9 &#8211; 12 &#8211; 15 &#8211; 19 &#8211; 21 &#8211; 25 &#8211; 27 &#8211; 30<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Si on prend en 1er \u00ab\u00a030\u00a0\u00bb, il nous faudrait obtenir 20 points, ce qui est impossible car :\n<ul>\n<li>20=19+1 mais \u00ab\u00a01\u00a0\u00bb n&rsquo;est pas pr\u00e9sent dans nos choix ;<\/li>\n<li>20=15+5 mais \u00ab\u00a05\u00a0\u00bb ne peut pas \u00eatre obtenu ;<\/li>\n<li>20=12+8 mais \u00ab\u00a018\u00a0\u00bb ne peut pas \u00eatre obtenu ;<\/li>\n<li>20=9+11 mais \u00ab\u00a011\u00a0\u00bb ne peut pas \u00eatre obtenu ;<\/li>\n<li>20=6+14 mais \u00ab\u00a014\u00a0\u00bb ne peut pas \u00eatre obtenu ;<\/li>\n<li>20=3+17 mais \u00ab\u00a018\u00a0\u00bb ne peut pas \u00eatre obtenu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li><li>Si on prend en 1er \u00ab\u00a027\u00a0\u00bb, il nous faudrait obtenir 23 points, ce qui est impossible (en suivant le m\u00eame raisonnement que pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment) ;<\/li><li>Si on prend en 1er \u00ab\u00a025\u00a0\u00bb, il nous faudrait obtenir 25 points, ce qui est possible en faisant : 25=19+6.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>On obtient donc 50 points en visant le 25, le 19 et le 6.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lagent_mathematicien\"><\/span>L&rsquo;agent math\u00e9maticien<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u00ab\u00a0Bien le bonjour, monsieur l&rsquo;agent, dit Mr Mc Guire. Pouvez-vous me dire l&rsquo;heure ?\u00a0\u00bb<\/p><p>\u00ab\u00a0Mais bien s\u00fbr, r\u00e9pondit l&rsquo;agent qui avait une r\u00e9putation de math\u00e9maticien. Ajoutez au quart du temps depuis minuit, la moiti\u00e9 du temps jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 minuit et vous aurez l&rsquo;heure exacte.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p><p>Quelle heure est-il donc ?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notons <em>h<\/em>&nbsp;l&rsquo;heure exacte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On a alors l&rsquo;\u00e9quation :&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;\\frac{1}{4}h+\\frac{1}{2}(24-h)=h\\;, \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">soit :&nbsp;\\[ \\frac{1}{4}h-\\frac{1}{2}h-h=-12\\;,&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ou encore :&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;h=\\frac{48}{5}=9,6=9~h+0,6\\times60~\\text{min}.&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Il est donc exactement 9 h 36 min.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quel_est_lage_de_Pocahontas\"><\/span>Quel est l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de Pocahontas ?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Smith, le fermier, et sa femme ont eu quinze enfants, n\u00e9s \u00e0 un an et demi d&rsquo;intervalle.<\/p><p>Pocahontas, la plus \u00e2g\u00e9e des enfants pr\u00e9tend \u00eatre huit fois plus \u00e2g\u00e9e que Captain John, le plus jeune de la couv\u00e9e.<\/p><p>Quel est l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de Mademoiselle Pocahontas ?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notons&nbsp;<em>a<\/em> l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de Captain John.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alors, l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de Pocahontas est :&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;a+1,5\\times14=a+21.&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On sait aussi que l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de Pocahontas est 8 fois celui de Captain John, donc :&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;a+21=8a\\qquad\\text{soit}\\qquad a=3.&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pocahontas a donc 24 ans.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Les_trois_mendiants\"><\/span>Les trois mendiants<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Une dame charitable rencontre un pauvre auquel elle donne la moit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;argent qu&rsquo;elle avait dans son porte-monnaie plus un franc. Le pauvre, qui est membre de l&rsquo;association des mendiants unifi\u00e9s, r\u00e9ussit en la remerciant \u00e0 dessiner \u00e0 la craie le signe de remerciement de l&rsquo;association sur ses v\u00eatements, ce qui permit \u00e0 la dame de mener \u00e0 bien son oeuvre de charit\u00e9 au cours du reste de sa promenade.<\/p><p>Au deuxi\u00e8me solliciteur, elle donna la moiti\u00e9 de ce qui lui restait plus deux francs.<\/p><p>Au troisi\u00e8me, elle donna la moiti\u00e9 de ce qui lui restait plus trois francs.<\/p><p>\u00c0 pr\u00e9sent, il lui reste un seul franc.<\/p><p>Combien avait-elle au d\u00e9but de sa promenade ?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notons <em>x<\/em>&nbsp;la somme que cette dame poss\u00e9dait au d\u00e9but de sa promenade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alors, apr\u00e8s le premier mendiant, il lui reste :&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;x-\\left(\\frac{1}{2}x+1\\right)=\\frac{1}{2}x-1.&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Apr\u00e8s le second, il lui reste : \\[ \\begin{align*} \\frac{1}{2}x-1-\\left[\\frac{1}{2}\\left(\\frac{1}{2}x-1\\right)+2\\right] &amp; =\\frac{1}{2}x-1-\\frac{1}{4}x+\\frac{1}{2}-2\\\\&nbsp;&nbsp;&amp; = \\frac{1}{4}x-\\frac{5}{2}.&nbsp;\\end{align*} \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Apr\u00e8s le troisi\u00e8me, il lui reste : \\[&nbsp;\\begin{align*}&nbsp;\\frac{1}{4}x-\\frac{5}{2}-\\frac{1}{2}\\left(\\frac{1}{4}x-\\frac{5}{2}\\right)-3 &amp; = \\frac{1}{4}x-\\frac{5}{2}-\\frac{1}{8}x+\\frac{5}{4}-3\\\\&nbsp;&amp; = \\frac{1}{8}x-\\frac{17}{4}.&nbsp;\\end{align*} \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S&rsquo;il ne lui reste qu&rsquo;un franc, alors :&nbsp;\\[ \\frac{1}{8}x-\\frac{17}{4}=1, \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">soit : \\[ x=\\left(1+\\frac{17}{4}\\right)\\times8=42.&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La dame avait donc 42 francs au d\u00e9but de sa promenade.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quel_est_lage_de_ce_garcon\"><\/span>Quel est l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de ce gar\u00e7on ?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u00ab\u00a0Quel est l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de ce gar\u00e7on ?\u00a0\u00bb&nbsp; demanda le contr\u00f4leur.<\/p><p>Le banlieusard, flatt\u00e9 de l&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat que l&rsquo;on porte \u00e0 sa famille, r\u00e9pondit : \u00ab\u00a0Mon fils est cinq fois plus \u00e2g\u00e9 que ma fille, ma femme est cinq fois plus \u00e2g\u00e9e que mon fils, et je suis deux fois plus vieux que ma femme, tandis que ma grand-m\u00e8re dont l&rsquo;\u00e2ge \u00e9gale la somme de nous tous, f\u00eate aujourd&rsquo;hui son quatre-vingt-et-uni\u00e8me anniversaire.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p><p>Quel \u00e9tait l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de ce gar\u00e7on ?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notons :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>s<\/em>&nbsp;l&rsquo;\u00e2ge du fils ;<\/li><li><em>g<\/em>&nbsp;l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de la fille ;<\/li><li><em>f<\/em>&nbsp; l&rsquo;\u00e2ge du p\u00e8re ;<\/li><li><em>m&nbsp;<\/em>l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de la m\u00e8re.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ainsi,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>s&nbsp;<\/em>= 5<em>g<\/em>&nbsp;;<\/li><li><em>m&nbsp;<\/em>= 5<em>s<\/em>&nbsp;;<\/li><li><em>f<\/em>=2<em>m<\/em>&nbsp;;<\/li><li>81 = <em>s&nbsp;<\/em>+ <em>m&nbsp;<\/em>+ <em>g&nbsp;<\/em>+ <em>f<\/em>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De la derni\u00e8re \u00e9galit\u00e9, on d\u00e9duit :&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;81=s+5s+\\frac{1}{5}s+10s \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">soit :&nbsp; \\[ 81=\\frac{81}{5}s \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">et donc : \\[ s=5. \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Le gar\u00e7on a donc 5 ans.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Le_poids_du_bebe\"><\/span>Le poids du b\u00e9b\u00e9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/poids-bebe.jpg\" data-fancybox=\"gallery\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"293\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/poids-bebe-293x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-703\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/poids-bebe-293x300.jpg 293w, https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/poids-bebe-300x307.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/poids-bebe.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 293px) 100vw, 293px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Madame O&rsquo;Toole est tr\u00e8s \u00e9conome. Elle essaye de se peser&nbsp;ainsi que son chien et son b\u00e9b\u00e9 avec une seule&nbsp; &nbsp;pi\u00e8ce (\u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9poque de Sam Loyd, on pouvait aller \u00e0 la pharmacie pour se peser, mais il fallait introduire une pi\u00e8ce pour que la balance fonctionne). La balance indique 170 livres. Si elle p\u00e8se cent livres de plus que le chien et le b\u00e9b\u00e9 r\u00e9unis, et si le chien p\u00e8se soixante pour cent de moins que le b\u00e9b\u00e9, combien p\u00e8se le cher ange ?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notons :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>x<\/em>&nbsp;le poids (en livres) de Madame O&rsquo;Toole ;<\/li><li><em>y<\/em>&nbsp;le poids (en livres) de son chien ;<\/li><li><em>z<\/em>&nbsp;le poids (en livres) de son b\u00e9b\u00e9.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alors,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>x&nbsp;<\/em>+ <em>y&nbsp;<\/em>+ <em>z&nbsp;<\/em>= 170 ;<\/li><li><em>x&nbsp;<\/em>= 100 + <em>y&nbsp;<\/em>+ <em>z<\/em>&nbsp;;<\/li><li><em>y&nbsp;<\/em>= 0,4<em>z&nbsp;<\/em>(60% de moins que le b\u00e9b\u00e9 signifie 40% du poids du b\u00e9b\u00e9).<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&rsquo;\u00e9galit\u00e9 2. donne, en consid\u00e9rant l&rsquo;\u00e9galit\u00e9 3. :&nbsp;\\[ x=100+0,4z+z=100+1,4z.&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ainsi, l&rsquo;\u00e9galit\u00e9 1. donne, avec cette nouvelle \u00e9galit\u00e9 :&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;100+1,4z+0,4z+z=170 \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">soit :\\[ 2,8z=70.&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On trouve alors <em>z&nbsp;<\/em>= 25.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Le b\u00e9b\u00e9 p\u00e8se donc 25 livres.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Le_probleme_du_nenuphar\"><\/span>Le probl\u00e8me du n\u00e9nuphar<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Un n\u00e9nuphar se trouve \u00e0 10 cm au-dessus de la surface de l&rsquo;eau. Si on le tire de c\u00f4t\u00e9, il dispara\u00eet \u00e0 21 cm de l&rsquo;endroit o\u00f9 il se trouvait.<\/p><p>Quelle est la profondeur de l&rsquo;eau ?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La sch\u00e9matisation du probl\u00e8me est la suivante :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"222\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/sam-loyd-nenuphar-300x222.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-692\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/sam-loyd-nenuphar-300x222.png 300w, https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/sam-loyd-nenuphar.png 301w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans <em>APN&rsquo;<\/em> rectangle en <em>A<\/em> : \\[ PN&rsquo;^2=21^2+h^2. \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Or,&nbsp; \\[ PN&rsquo;=PN=h+10. \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Donc : \\[ (h+10)^2=21^2+h^2,\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">soit : \\[ 20h+10^2=21^2. \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On en d\u00e9duit alors que : \\[ 20h=21^2-10^2=(21-10)(21+10)=11\\times31=341.\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ainsi,&nbsp; \\[ h=341\\div20=17,05. \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La hauteur de l&rsquo;eau est donc de 17,05 cm.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Le_probleme_de_letameur\"><\/span>Le probl\u00e8me de l&rsquo;\u00e9tameur<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"235\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/etameur-300x235.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-693\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/etameur-300x235.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/etameur.jpg 505w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Cet \u00e9tameur vient de terminer la fabrication de ce r\u00e9cipient \u00e0 fond plat de 18 cm de profondeur et dont la contenance est de vingt-cinq litres.<\/p><p>Qui pourra nous indiquer le diam\u00e8tre du haut de ce r\u00e9cipient sachant qu&rsquo;il est le double de celui du fond?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le sch\u00e9ma du r\u00e9cipient est le suivant :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/sam-loyd-etameur.png\" data-fancybox=\"gallery\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"88\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/sam-loyd-etameur-300x88.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-694\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/sam-loyd-etameur-300x88.png 300w, https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/sam-loyd-etameur-600x176.png 600w, https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/sam-loyd-etameur-768x225.png 768w, https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/sam-loyd-etameur.png 947w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D&rsquo;apr\u00e8s le th\u00e9or\u00e8me de Thal\u00e8s,&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;\\frac{SB}{SA}=\\frac{r}{2r}&nbsp; \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">donc :&nbsp; \\[ \\frac{SA-18}{SA}=\\frac{1}{2}.&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On en d\u00e9duit alors :&nbsp;\\[ 1-\\frac{18}{SA}=\\frac{1}{2}\\;,&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">soit :&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;\\frac{18}{SA}=\\frac{1}{2}&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">et donc :&nbsp;\\[ SA=36.\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le volume (en centim\u00e8tres cubes) du c\u00f4ne de sommet S et de base le cercle de centre A est :&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;\\mathcal{V}_A=\\frac{1}{3}\\pi\\times(2r)^2\\times36=48\\pi r^2.&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le volume (en centim\u00e8tres cubes) du c\u00f4ne de sommet <em>S<\/em> et de base le cercle de centre <em>A<\/em> est :&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;\\mathcal{V}_B=\\frac{1}{3}\\pi\\times r^2\\times18=6\\pi r^2.&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le volume (en centim\u00e8tres cubes) du r\u00e9cipient est donc :&nbsp;\\[ \\mathcal{V}=\\mathcal{V}_A-\\mathcal{V}_B=42\\pi r^2.&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On sait que : \\[ \\mathcal{V}=25~L=25000~\\text{cm}^3$, \\] donc :&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;42\\pi r^2= 25000\\qquad\\text{soit}\\qquad r^2=\\frac{25000}{42\\pi}.&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On obtient alors : \\[ r\\approx13,76. \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Le diam\u00e8tre du haut du r\u00e9cipient est donc de 27,5 cm.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Le_probleme_du_marche\"><\/span>Le probl\u00e8me du march\u00e9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Un fermier et son \u00e9pouse vont au march\u00e9 \u00e9changer leurs poulets pour du b\u00e9tail au taux de 85 poulets pour un cheval et une vache, 5 chevaux valant exactement autant que 12 vaches.<\/p><p>\u00ab\u00a0John, dit la femme, prenons encore une fois autant de chevaux que nous en avons d\u00e9j\u00e0 pris. Nous n&rsquo;aurons ainsi que 17 chevaux et vaches \u00e0 nourrir cet hiver.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p><p>\u00ab\u00a0Je crois que nous devrions avoir plus de vaches que cela dit John. D&rsquo;ailleurs, si nous avions 2 fois plus de vaches que jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 maintenant, cela nous ferait 19 vaches et chevaux en tout et nous aurions juste assez de poulets \u00e0 donner en \u00e9change.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p><p>Combien les paysans ont-ils apport\u00e9 de poulets au march\u00e9?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La premi\u00e8re phrase nous dit que :&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;85~\\text{poulets}=1~\\text{cheval}+1~\\text{vache} \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">et \\[ 5~\\text{chevaux}=12~\\text{vaches}.&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On en d\u00e9duit alors :&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;5\\times85~\\text{poulets}=5~\\text{chevaux}+5~\\text{vaches}&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">soit :&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;425~\\text{poulets}=17~\\text{vaches}\\qquad\\text{soit}\\qquad1~\\text{vache}=25~\\text{poulets}.&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Et donc,&nbsp;\\[ 5~\\text{chevaux}=12~\\text{vaches}=12\\times25~\\text{poulets}=300~\\text{poulets}&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">donc :&nbsp;\\[ 1~\\text{cheval}=60~\\text{poulets}.&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notons maintenant :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>x<\/em>&nbsp;le nombre de chevaux que le couple a d\u00e9j\u00e0 achet\u00e9s ;<\/li><li><em>y<\/em>&nbsp;le nombre de vaches que le couple a d\u00e9j\u00e0 achet\u00e9es.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le dialogue entre le mari et la femme donne alors le syst\u00e8me :&nbsp; \\[ \\begin{cases} 2x+y=17\\qquad(L_1)\\\\&nbsp;x+2y=19\\qquad(L_2)&nbsp;\\end{cases}&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\\(2(L_2)-(L_1)\\) donne :&nbsp; \\( 3y=38-17 \\), soit <em>y&nbsp;<\/em>= 7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\\(2(L_1)-(L_2)\\) donne : \\(3x=34-19\\), soit <em>x&nbsp;<\/em>= 5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le couple a donc d\u00e9j\u00e0 achet\u00e9 5 chevaux et 7 vaches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ainsi, s&rsquo;il ach\u00e8te 7 vaches, il lui faut :&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;7\\times25~\\text{poulets}=175~\\text{poulets}.&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Les paysans ont donc amen\u00e9 175 poulets.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Le_puzzle_du_lac\"><\/span>Le puzzle du lac<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/puzzle-lac.jpg\" data-fancybox=\"gallery\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"284\" height=\"234\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/puzzle-lac.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-701\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Le lac est la partie entre les trois carr\u00e9s dont les surfaces sont respectivement 370 <a href=\"http:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acre_(unit\u00e9)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acres<\/a>, 74 acres et 116 acres.<\/p><p>Quelle est l&rsquo;aire du lac ?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les c\u00f4t\u00e9s du lac on pour mesure : \\[ a=\\sqrt{370},\\ b=\\sqrt{116},\\ c=\\sqrt{74}. \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avec la formule de H\u00e9ron, on calcule l&rsquo;aire du triangle :&nbsp;\\[ \\mathcal{A}=\\sqrt{p(p-a)(p-b)(p-c)}\\;,&nbsp;\\qquad&nbsp; p=\\frac{a+b+c}{2}. \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On obtient : \\[ \\mathcal{A}=11. \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L&rsquo;aire du lac est donc de 11 acres.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Comptez_les_voix\"><\/span>Comptez les voix<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Lors d&rsquo;un vote, 5219 bulletins furent d\u00e9pos\u00e9s dans une urne. Le vainqueur battait ses trois concurrents de respectivement 22, 30 et 73 voix. Cependant, personne ne put d\u00e9terminer exactement le nombre de voix obtenues par chaque candidat. Pouvez-vous le faire ?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notons&nbsp;<em>n<\/em> le nombre de voix obtenues par le vainqueur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On arrive \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9quation :&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;n+(n-22)+(n-30)+(n-73)=5219\\;, \\] soit: \\[4n-125=5219.&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On trouve alors : \\[ n=\\frac{5219+125}{4}=1336. \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Le nombre de voix obtenues par les quatre candidats sont respectivement 1336, 1263, 1306 et 1314.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quel_est_lage_de_Fido\"><\/span>Quel est l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de Fido ?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Charley Slowpop \u00e9tait sur le point de faire sa demande en mariage \u00e0 son amie, lorsque le petit fr\u00e8re de celle-ci et son chien Fido entr\u00e8rent dans le salon.<\/p><p>\u00ab\u00a0Tu ne peux pas conna\u00eetre l&rsquo;\u00e2ge d&rsquo;un chien \u00e0 son collier, dit l&rsquo;enfant terrible. Mais il y a cinq ans, ma s\u0153ur \u00e9tait cinq fois plus \u00e2g\u00e9e que Fido et \u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, elle est trois fois plus \u00e2g\u00e9e que lui !\u00a0\u00bb<\/p><p>Charley Slowpop est tr\u00e8s curieux de savoir l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de Fido. Pouvez-vous l&rsquo;aider?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notons&nbsp;<em>f<\/em> l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de Fido et&nbsp;<em>s<\/em> celui de la s\u0153ur \u00e0 notre \u00e9poque.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Il y a 5 ans, <em>s&nbsp;<\/em>&#8211; 5 = 5( <em>f&nbsp;<\/em>&#8211; 5 ), donc <em>s&nbsp;<\/em>= 5<em>f<\/em>-20.<\/li><li>\u00c0 pr\u00e9sent, <em>s&nbsp;<\/em>= 3<em>f<\/em>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De ces deux \u00e9galit\u00e9s, on obtient :&nbsp;\\[ 5f-20=3f\\qquad\\text{soit}\\qquad f=10.&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Fido a donc 10 ans.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Le_probleme_du_messager\"><\/span>Le probl\u00e8me du messager<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Un probl\u00e8me ancien, que l&rsquo;on trouve dans de nombreux vieux livres de probl\u00e8mes, concerne une arm\u00e9e de cinquante kilom\u00e8tres de long.<\/p><p>Alors que l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e avance \u00e0 une vitesse constante, un messager part de l&rsquo;arri\u00e8re-garde de l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e, galope pour aller d\u00e9livrer un message \u00e0 l&rsquo;avant, puis revient \u00e0 l&rsquo;arri\u00e8re garde.<\/p><p>Il arrive \u00e0 l&rsquo;arri\u00e8re garde exactement au moment o\u00f9 l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e a parcouru cinquante kilom\u00e8tres.<\/p><p>Quelle est la distance totale parcourue par le messager ?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notons :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\\(v_A\\) la vitesse de l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e ;<\/li><li>\\(v_c\\) la vitesse du cavalier;<\/li><li>\\(t_1\\) le temps \u00ab\u00a0aller\u00a0\u00bb du cavalier ;<\/li><li>\\(t_2\\) le temps \u00ab\u00a0retour\u00a0\u00bb du cavalier ;<\/li><li>\\(d_a\\) la distance parcourue \u00e0 l&rsquo; \u00ab\u00a0aller\u00a0\u00bb pour le cavalier ;<\/li><li>\\(d_r\\) la distance parcourue au \u00ab\u00a0retour\u00a0\u00bb pour le cavalier ;<\/li><li>\\(d_a^\\prime\\) la distance parcourue \u00e0 l&rsquo; \u00ab\u00a0aller\u00a0\u00bb par l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e ;<\/li><li>\\(d_r^\\prime\\) la distance parcourue au \u00ab\u00a0retour\u00a0\u00bb par l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On peut repr\u00e9senter la situation \u00e0 3 instants :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/sam-loyd-messager.png\" data-fancybox=\"gallery\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"263\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/sam-loyd-messager-300x263.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/sam-loyd-messager-300x263.png 300w, https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/sam-loyd-messager.png 531w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On sait que :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\\(v_A=\\frac{50}{t_1+t_2}\\) car l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e parcourt 50 km en \\(t_1+t_2\\) heures. Donc, \\(t_1+t_2=\\frac{50}{v_A}\\).<\/li><li>\\(d_a=d_a^\\prime+50\\) car le cavalier est \u00e0 50 km de la t\u00eate de l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e.<\/li><li>\\(d_r=50-d_r^\\prime\\).<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le point 2. nous dit que, comme \\(v_c=\\frac{d_a}{t_1}\\) et \\(v_A=\\frac{d_a^\\prime}{t_1}\\), on a :&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;v_ct_1=v_At_1+50\\qquad\\text{soit}\\qquad t_1=\\frac{50}{v_c-v_A}.&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le point 3. nous dit de m\u00eame que :&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;v_ct_2=50-v_At_2\\qquad\\text{soit}\\qquad t_2=\\frac{50}{v_c+v_A}.&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le point 1. nous donne alors : \\[&nbsp;\\begin{align*}&nbsp;&amp; \\frac{50}{v_c-v_A}+\\frac{50}{v_c+v_A}=\\frac{50}{v_A}\\\\&nbsp;\\iff &amp; \\frac{2v_c}{v_c^2-v_A^2}=\\frac{1}{v_A}\\\\&nbsp;\\iff &amp; 2v_cv_A=v_c^2-v_A^2\\\\&nbsp;\\iff &amp; v_c^2-2v_cv_A-v_A^2=0\\\\&nbsp;\\iff &amp; \\frac{v_c^2}{v_A^2}-2\\frac{v_c}{v_A}-1=0\\qquad\\text{en divisant par }v_A^2\\\\&nbsp;\\iff &amp;V^2-V-1=0\\qquad\\text{en posant }X=\\frac{v_c}{v_A}&nbsp;\\end{align*} \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le discriminant du polyn\u00f4me \\(X^2-2X-1\\) est \\(\\Delta=8\\) donc il y a deux solutions:&nbsp;\\[ V=1-\\sqrt{2}&lt;0\\qquad\\text{ ou }\\qquad V=1+\\sqrt{2}&gt;0.&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\\(v_A\\) et \\(v_c\\) \u00e9tant de m\u00eame signe, \\(V&gt;0\\) donc \\(V=1+\\sqrt{2}\\).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ainsi, \\(v_c=(1+\\sqrt{2})v_A\\).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On en d\u00e9duit alors que :&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;t_1=\\frac{50}{(1+\\sqrt{2})v_A-v_A}=\\frac{50}{\\sqrt{2}v_A} \\] soit \\[ d_a=t_1v_c=\\frac{50(1+\\sqrt{2})}{\\sqrt{2}}=25(2+\\sqrt{2})&nbsp;\\]&nbsp;et&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;t_2=\\frac{50}{(1+\\sqrt{2})v_A+v_A}=\\frac{50}{(2+\\sqrt{2})v_A}\\] soit \\[ d_r=t_2v_c=\\frac{50(1+\\sqrt{2})}{2+\\sqrt{2}}=25\\sqrt{2}.&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La distance parcourue par le cavalier est donc \\(d_a+d_r=50(1+\\sqrt{2})\\).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Le cavalier aura donc parcouru \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s 120,71 kilom\u00e8tres.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Le_prix_des_oeufs\"><\/span>Le prix des \u0153ufs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u00ab\u00a0J&rsquo;ai pay\u00e9 douze centimes les \u0153ufs que j&rsquo;ai achet\u00e9s chez l&rsquo;\u00e9picier &#8211; expliquait le cuisinier &#8211; mais je lui ai demand\u00e9 d&rsquo;en ajouter deux gratuitement parce qu&rsquo;ils \u00e9taient trop petits. J&rsquo;ai donc pay\u00e9 mes \u0153ufs un centime de moins par douzaine.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p><p>Combien d&rsquo;\u0153ufs a achet\u00e9 le cuisinier ?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notons&nbsp;<em>n<\/em> le nombre d&rsquo;\u0153ufs et&nbsp;<em>p<\/em> le prix normal d&rsquo;un&nbsp;\u0153uf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On a d&rsquo;une part :&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;12=np\\;,\\qquad\\text{donc} \\qquad p=\\frac{12}{n}\\;,&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">car <em>np<\/em>&nbsp;d\u00e9signe le prix de <em>n<\/em>&nbsp;\u0153ufs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D&rsquo;autre part, nous savons que le prix r\u00e9ellement pay\u00e9 d&rsquo;un&nbsp;\u0153uf est :&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;\\frac{12}{n+2}.&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ainsi,&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;\\frac{12}{n+2}\\times12=12\\times\\frac{12}{n}-1.&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette derni\u00e8re \u00e9quation nous donne :&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;\\frac{144}{n+2}=\\frac{144-n}{n}&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">soit :&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;144n=(144-n)(n+2)\\;,\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ou encore :&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;n^2+2n-288=0.&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le discriminant du poly\u00f4me \\(n^2-2n-288\\) est :&nbsp;\\[ \\Delta=2^2-4\\times1\\times(-288)=1156\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">donc il existe deux valeurs de&nbsp;<em>n<\/em> possibles :&nbsp;\\[ n_1=\\frac{-2-\\sqrt{1156}}{2}=-18&nbsp;\\]&nbsp;et&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;n_2=\\frac{-2+\\sqrt{1156}}{2}=16.&nbsp;\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une seule est possible car <em>n&nbsp;<\/em>&gt; 0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Le cuisinier a donc achet\u00e9 en tout 18 \u0153ufs (16 + 2 gratuits).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Les_deux_dindes\"><\/span>Les deux dindes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u00ab\u00a0Ces deux dindes p\u00e8sent 20 livres \u00e0 elles deux \u00ab\u00a0, dit le boucher.<\/p><p>\u00ab\u00a0La plus petite co\u00fbte 2 centimes de plus \u00e0 la livre que la grande.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p><p>Mme Smith a pay\u00e9 82 centimes pour la petite et Mme Brown 2,96 Francs pour la grande.<\/p><p>Combien pesaient-elles chacune ?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Posons :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>x<\/em>&nbsp;le poids (en livres) de la plus petite dinde ;<\/li><li><em>y<\/em>&nbsp;le poids (en livres) de la plus grosse dinde.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On a alors :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>x&nbsp;<\/em>+ <em>y&nbsp;<\/em>= 20, ou encore <em>x&nbsp;<\/em>= 20 &#8211; <em>y<\/em>&nbsp;;<\/li><li>On a : \\[\\frac{82}{x}=2+\\frac{296}{y},\\] soit: \\[\\frac{82}{x}=\\frac{2y+296}{y}\\] ou encore : \\[82y=x(2y+296)=(20-y)(2y+296).\\] En d\u00e9veloppant, on obtient l&rsquo;\u00e9quation : \\[ 2y^2+338y-5920=0\\] soit : \\[ y^2+169y -2960=0.\\] Le discriminant du membre de gauche de cette \u00e9quation est : \\[ \\Delta=169^2-4\\times1\\times(-2960)=40401=201^2.\\] Il y a donc deux solutions \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9quation : \\[ y_1=\\frac{-169-201}{2}&lt;0\\text{ donc impossible pour notre probl\u00e8me} \\] et \\[ y_2=\\frac{-169+201}{2}=16. \\] Ainsi, <em>y&nbsp;<\/em>= 16 et <em>x&nbsp;<\/em>= 20-16 = 4.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La plus grosse dinde p\u00e8se donc 16 livres et la plus petite, 4 livres.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Combien_y_a-t-il_de_triangles_sur_le_sceau\"><\/span>Combien y a-t-il de triangles sur le sceau ?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/sceau.jpg\" data-fancybox=\"gallery\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"242\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/sceau-300x242.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-702\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/sceau-300x242.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/sceau-600x484.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/sceau.jpg 694w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Le petit Tommy Riddles annonce que le roi Puzzlepate et la princesse Enigme cherchent le secret du sceau du roi Salomon, qui est grav\u00e9 sur sa tombe. Le roi essaye de trouver le nombre de triangles \u00e9quilat\u00e9raux que l&rsquo;on voit sur le motif. Quel est votre avis ?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Il y a d&rsquo;abord le triangle ext\u00e9rieur (le plus grand) ;&nbsp; &nbsp;(1)<\/li><li>il y a ensuite les 4 triangles int\u00e9rieurs (dont un central qui contient plein de petits triangles) ; (4)<\/li><li>dans le triangle int\u00e9rieur, il y a 16 petits triangles ; (16)<\/li><li>dans le triangle int\u00e9rieur, il y a 7 triangles form\u00e9s de 4 petits triangles ; (7)<\/li><li>dans le triangle int\u00e9rieur, il y a 3 triangles form\u00e9s de 9 petits triangles ; (3)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>&nbsp;Il y a donc 31 triangles \u00e9quilat\u00e9raux en tout.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Des_timbres_pour_un_franc\"><\/span>Des timbres pour un franc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>La dame tend un franc \u00e0 l&#8217;employ\u00e9 et dit : \u00ab\u00a0Donnez-moi quelques timbres \u00e0 deux centimes, dix fois autant de timbres \u00e0 un centime et le reste en timbres \u00e0 cinq centimes.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p><p>Comment remplir cette commande ?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notons&nbsp;<em>x<\/em> le nombre de timbres \u00e0 2 centimes et <em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">y<\/span><\/em>&nbsp;le nombre de timbres \u00e0 5 centimes. Alors,&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;2x+10x+5y=100 \\] soit : \\[ 12x+5y=100.\\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On teste alors diff\u00e9rentes valeurs de <em>x<\/em>&nbsp;pour trouver la valeur de <em>y<\/em>&nbsp;correspondant :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>x<\/em> =&nbsp;1 :&nbsp; 5<em>y&nbsp;<\/em>= 100 &#8211; 12 = 88, donc pas de valeur enti\u00e8re possible pour <em>y;<\/em><\/li><li><em>x<\/em> = 2 :&nbsp;5<em>y&nbsp;<\/em>= 100 &#8211; 24 = 76, donc pas de valeur enti\u00e8re possible pour <em>y;<\/em><\/li><li><em>x<\/em> =&nbsp;3 : 5<em>y&nbsp;<\/em>= 100 &#8211; 36, donc pas de valeur enti\u00e8re possible pour <em>y;<\/em><\/li><li><em>x<\/em> =&nbsp;4 : 5<em>y&nbsp;<\/em>= 100 &#8211; 48 = 52, donc pas de valeur enti\u00e8re possible pour&nbsp;<em>y<\/em>;<\/li><li><em>x<\/em> = 5 :&nbsp;5<em>y&nbsp;<\/em>= 100 &#8211; 60 = 40, donc <em>y&nbsp;<\/em>= 8.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong> Il y a donc 5 timbres \u00e0 2 centimes, 50 timbres \u00e0 1 centime et 8 timbres \u00e0 5 centimes.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Le_poids_dune_brique\"><\/span>Le poids d&rsquo;une brique<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Si une brique est \u00e9quilibr\u00e9e par les trois quarts d&rsquo;une brique et trois quarts d&rsquo;une livre, combien p\u00e8se cette brique ?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Posons <em>x<\/em>&nbsp;le poids (en livres) d&rsquo;une brique. Alors,&nbsp;\\[&nbsp;x=\\frac{3}{4}x+\\frac{3}{4} \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">soit : \\[ \\frac{1}{4}x=\\frac{3}{4} \\]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">donc <em>x&nbsp;<\/em>= 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong> Une brique p\u00e8se donc 3 livres.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Probleme_decoliers\"><\/span>Probl\u00e8me d&rsquo;\u00e9coliers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<blockquote><p>Jennie, la meilleure \u00e9l\u00e8ve de la classe, expose un intelligent casse-t\u00eate \u00e0 Joe, son camarade de classe. Apr\u00e8s avoir dessin\u00e9 six petits cercles sur la palissage, elle lui dit : \u00ab\u00a0Maintenant tu ne vois que deux rang\u00e9es de trois cercles. Je veux que tu effaces un des cercles et que tu le redessines quelque part sur la palissade pour qu&rsquo;il y ait quatre rang\u00e9es de trois cercles.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/pb-ecoliers.png\" data-fancybox=\"gallery\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-705\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/pb-ecoliers-300x238.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/pb-ecoliers-300x238.png 300w, https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/pb-ecoliers.png 410w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Voici un sch\u00e9ma des 6 cercles dessin\u00e9s sur la palissade :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/sam-loyd-probleme-ecoliers.png\" data-fancybox=\"gallery\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"292\" height=\"276\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/sam-loyd-probleme-ecoliers.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-706\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le cercle non align\u00e9 avec les autres doit \u00eatre plac\u00e9 comme suit :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/sam-loyd-probleme-ecoliers-2.png\" data-fancybox=\"gallery\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"112\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/sam-loyd-probleme-ecoliers-2-300x112.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-707\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/sam-loyd-probleme-ecoliers-2-300x112.png 300w, https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/sam-loyd-probleme-ecoliers-2-600x225.png 600w, https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/sam-loyd-probleme-ecoliers-2.png 684w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file aligncenter um_article\"><a  href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Les-probl\u00e8mes-de-Sam-Loyd.pdf\" data-fancybox data-type=\"iframe\" data-width=\"90%\" data-height=\"100%\" data-preload=\"false\">Les probl\u00e8mes de Sam Loyd<\/a><a  href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Les-probl\u00e8mes-de-Sam-Loyd.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button\" download data-fancybox data-type=\"iframe\" data-width=\"90%\" data-height=\"100%\" data-preload=\"false\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Obtenir les sources \\(\\LaTeX\\) du document PDF :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file aligncenter um_article\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Les-problemes-de-Sam-Loyd.zip\">Les problemes de Sam Loyd<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Les-problemes-de-Sam-Loyd.zip\" class=\"wp-block-file__button\" download>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sam Loyd (1841 &#8211; 1911) est ce que je pourrais appeler un \\\u00a0\u00bbr\u00e9cr\u00e9ateur de probl\u00e8mes math\u00e9matiques\u00a0\u00bb : il a cr\u00e9\u00e9 des probl\u00e8mes math\u00e9matiques se voulant r\u00e9cr\u00e9atifs. Vous connaissez le jeu du taquin ? Et bien, c&rsquo;est Sam Loyd qui popularisa ce jeu. En voici quelques uns que je trouve int\u00e9ressants.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[69,34,61,52,68,70],"class_list":["post-688","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mathematiques","tag-algebre","tag-equations","tag-formule-de-heron","tag-geometrie","tag-jeu","tag-systeme-dequations"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Les probl\u00e8mes de Sam Loyd - Mathweb.fr<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/2018\/09\/13\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les probl\u00e8mes de Sam Loyd - Mathweb.fr\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sam Loyd (1841 &#8211; 1911) est ce que je pourrais appeler un \u00a0\u00bbr\u00e9cr\u00e9ateur de probl\u00e8mes math\u00e9matiques\u00a0\u00bb : il a cr\u00e9\u00e9 des probl\u00e8mes math\u00e9matiques se voulant r\u00e9cr\u00e9atifs. Vous connaissez le jeu du taquin ? Et bien, c&rsquo;est Sam Loyd qui popularisa ce jeu. En voici quelques uns que je trouve int\u00e9ressants.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/2018\/09\/13\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mathweb.fr\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-09-13T13:29:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-10-26T15:12:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.mathweb.fr\/euclide\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/jeu-du-taquin-1.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"St\u00e9phane Pasquet\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"St\u00e9phane Pasquet\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"15 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mathweb.fr\\\/euclide\\\/2018\\\/09\\\/13\\\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mathweb.fr\\\/euclide\\\/2018\\\/09\\\/13\\\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"St\u00e9phane Pasquet\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mathweb.fr\\\/euclide\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e4d3bb07968238378f0d5052a70dcd69\"},\"headline\":\"Les probl\u00e8mes de Sam Loyd\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-09-13T13:29:41+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-10-26T15:12:02+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mathweb.fr\\\/euclide\\\/2018\\\/09\\\/13\\\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":3361,\"commentCount\":1,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mathweb.fr\\\/euclide\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e4d3bb07968238378f0d5052a70dcd69\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mathweb.fr\\\/euclide\\\/2018\\\/09\\\/13\\\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mathweb.fr\\\/euclide\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/09\\\/jeu-du-taquin-1.png\",\"keywords\":[\"alg\u00e8bre\",\"Equations\",\"formule de H\u00e9ron\",\"g\u00e9om\u00e9trie\",\"jeu\",\"syst\u00e8me d'\u00e9quations\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Math\u00e9matiques\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mathweb.fr\\\/euclide\\\/2018\\\/09\\\/13\\\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mathweb.fr\\\/euclide\\\/2018\\\/09\\\/13\\\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mathweb.fr\\\/euclide\\\/2018\\\/09\\\/13\\\/les-problemes-de-sam-loyd\\\/\",\"name\":\"Les probl\u00e8mes de Sam Loyd - 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Vous connaissez le jeu du taquin ? Et bien, c&rsquo;est Sam Loyd qui popularisa ce jeu. 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